FERPA Basics for 教师/Instructional 工作人员

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本质

  • 旨在保护教育记录隐私的联邦法律. 它还提供了适当使用和发布学生教育记录的指导方针.
  • 其目的在于对学生的权利进行广义的界定和适用. 因此, 考虑学生是他或她的教育记录的“主人”, and the institution as the “custodian” of that record.

Key Terms/Definitions

Education Records: 包括学校保存的与学生有关的任何记录(无论何种格式或媒介),但有一些狭义的例外情况:

  • Records in the “sole possession of the maker” (e.g., private advising notes).
  • 由执法机构为此目的创建的执法记录.
  • 就业记录(以学生身份就业的除外). The employment records of student employees (e.g.(勤工俭学、工资、研究生助教)是他们教育记录的一部分.
  • Medical/psychological treatment records (e.g., from a health or counseling center).
  • 校友 records (i.e., those created after the student was enrolled).

Directory Information: Those data items that are publicly releasable, 只要学生的记录上没有“不准释放”的记录. 每个机构建立它认为是目录信息的东西. Common examples include: name, address (local, home and e-mail), telephone (local and home), academic program of study, dates of attendance, date of birth, most recent educational institution attended, and degrees and awards received.

  • Directory information cannot include: 比赛, 性别, SSN, 成绩, 平均绩点, country of citizenship, 或宗教.
  • 每个学生都必须有机会不让目录PG电子游戏. That is referred to as a “No Release.“学校里的每个人都必须尊重学生的不释放记录.

家长: With reference to FERPA, 如果学生在经济上依赖(美国国税局的定义),“父母”一词是指父母中的任何一方。.

When do FERPA rights begin?

当学生年满18岁或在任何年龄的高等教育机构注册时,与ferpa相关的大学教育记录就开始生效.

Basic Rights of Students

  • Be notified of their FERPA rights at least annually.
  • Inspect and review their records.
  • Amend an incorrect record.
  • Consent to disclosure (with exceptions).

Inspection and Review

学生有权查看其“教育记录”中的所有内容,但以下情况除外:

  • Information about other students,
  • Financial records of parents,
  • 保密的推荐信,如果他们放弃了访问的权利(这是不需要的).

There is no records retention policy under FERPA. 它没有规定你必须做什么记录,也没有规定你必须保存多长时间. Those are institutional decisions. You cannot destroy records once requested.

Right to Consent to Disclosure

从学生有权控制其教育记录向谁发布这一前提开始. 然后,在不需要该许可的情况下有几个例外.
Historically, we had to have a signed release. 法规现在为使用电子签名提供了更大的灵活性.

When is prior consent not required?

机构可以在未经同意的情况下公布记录,但并不要求这样做. 有一个释放的一些例外的例子包括:

  • “学校官员”有“合法的教育利益”/“需要知道”;雇员和法律代理人为了履行职责可以访问教育记录, educationally-related duties.
  • 向进行研究以改进教学的组织披露, or to accrediting organizations;
  • Disclosure to parents of dependent students (IRS definition); Check to see how your institution expects parents to show that dependent status;
  • 服从司法命令或合法发出的传票;
  • Disclosure for a health/safety emergency;
  • Disclosure of directory information.

教师和教学人员的一些具体问题

  • Posting Grades: Since 成绩 can never be directory information, 在公共场合张贴成绩通常是不合适的. 然而, 如果导师以只有导师和个别学生知道所张贴的成绩的方式张贴成绩(e).g., with a personal ID; however not any portion of an SSN or institutional Student ID Number), that is acceptable. 建议张贴的名单不能与班级花名册的顺序相同,也不能按字母顺序排列.
  • Course Web Sites: In this age of increasing technology, 许多课程由班级网站和/或讨论组提供支持. 一般公众和其他类成员只能获得目录信息, 因此,建议这样的网站有一个安全层,这样只有班级成员和教师才能访问适当的信息.